The structure of enzymes; summery
The two substrates S1 and S2 connect very specifically to the enzym. Other molecules don't fit there (in a way of shapes)
Regularly but not in all cases, in the action centre of the is a co-(weakly bonded) or a prostetic group (strong bonded)
Changes in the shape of the action centre can strongly influence the enzyme activity, even stop it.
The centre often is situated in a kind of non polar clove.
Co-enzymes and prostetic groups ( 
) improve the enzyme activity.
The complete enzym, including the cofactors and prostetic groups, are called the holo-enzym,
The enzyme without cofactors and prostetic groups are called the apo-enzym.
Regularly the co-enzyme is a vitamine, and the same co-enzyme can serve different enzyms.
Some enzyms need an inorganic part like a metal ion (examples: Ca2+, Mg2+ of Zn2+).
These inorganic component is an 'activator'. In a functional way the activator equals a co-enzym, but the inorganisc components are not called: co-enzymes.
The enzyme is - in a structural view - just a normal protein with:
- a primary structure, made under control of DNA = the sequence of the amino acids
- a secundary structure, = the α-helix (screw) of the primary structure
- a tertiary structure, = the result if the α-helix is folded into a threedimensional shape that determines the specificity of the enzym, as also the way the enzyme can be inhibited.
- a quaternary structure (not always present) is the joining of (four) equal tertiary structures.